3. 時制（3）● PP. 16 ～ 19
Warm-Up Exercises
１
（1）The bus had just left [gone] when I arrived at the bus stop.
（2）The goalkeeper stayed calm for the penalty kick because he [she] had been practicing [had practiced] for it.
（3）I had been talking [had talked] on the phone with Rumi for an hour when my smartphone battery ran out.
（4）Our volleyball team will have won the prefectural tournament twice if we win the next game.

２
（1）Koki had already started voluntary training in the schoolyard when I got to school.
（2）Mayu easily dealt with a phone call from France because she had learned French.
（3）When the construction of the road was cancelled, the residents had been protesting [had protested] it for five years.
（4）A lot of things will have changed in the world ten years from now.

Exercises in English Composition
３
（1）
解答例1  When my smartphone ringtone woke me up, I had (already) passed my station [stop].
解答例2  When my smartphone ringtone woke me up, I found [realized] (that) I had (already) missed my station.

（2）
解答例  I had never seen or heard of Vegemite before I visited [went to] Australia.

（3）
解答例1  We had been talking [chatting] for a long time at a family-style restaurant until the waiter asked us to give up our seats (for others [for other customers]).
解答例2  We had chatted for a long time at a family-style restaurant until the waiter asked us to give up our seats.
解答例3  We talked for a long time at a family-style restaurant until the waiter asked us to give up our seats.

（4）
解答例1  When I finally managed to access the ticket selling site, all the tickets had already been sold [gone].
解答例2  When I finally managed to access the ticket selling site, there weren’t any tickets available [left].
解答例3  When I finally managed to access the ticket selling site, (all) the tickets were already sold out.
解答例4  When I was able to access the ticket selling site at last, they had no tickets available.

（5）
解答例  Experts predict (that) AI will have replaced [taken the place of] humans in 40% of the existing work by 2030.

４
（1）
解答例1  I had heard of microplastics, so I picked up plastic bottles [a plastic bottle] on the beach.
解答例2  Since [As / Because] I had heard of microplastics, I picked up plastic bottles [a plastic bottle] on the beach.

（2）
解答例1  If the temperature exceeds [is over / goes above / gets over] 35°C (=degrees Celsius [centigrade]) tomorrow, extremely hot days will have continued [lasted / gone on] for a week.
解答例2  If tomorrow’s temperature exceeds 35°C (=degrees Celsius [centigrade]), we will have had extremely hot days for a week.

（3）
解答例1  We had been playing hard until we heard the final whistle.
解答例2  We had played hard until (we heard) the final whistle.
解答例3  We played hard until the final whistle was blown.

（4）
解答例  The movie had already started [begun] when the bus arrived at [reached] the theater 30 minutes late [30 minutes behind schedule [time]].

（5）
解答例1  We will have studied [learned] English for ten years at [by] the end of this month.
解答例2  We will have been studying [learning] English for ten years at [by] the end of this month.
4. 助動詞（1）　● PP. 20 ～ 23
Warm-Up Exercises
１ 
（1）You must not [mustn’t / cannot / can’t / may not] use your cell phone in class.
（2）Jason’s story cannot [can’t] be true.
（3）The class representatives have to [must] attend today’s meeting.
（4）You should [ought to] stop thinking negatively all the time if you want to be successful.

２
（1）You may [can] participate in club activities after the extra class is over.
（2）When I was a child, I could read music, but now I can’t.
（3）Shinji should [ought to] be here at 11:30.
（4）Anyone must have some good points.  We should [ought to] look for them to get along with others.

Exercises in English Composition
３
（1）
解答例  You [We] must not [mustn’t / cannot / can’t / may not] take pictures [photos] at this shrine.

（2）
解答例  I must [have to] go to a [the] hair salon before the rainy season (sets in [starts]) since my hair has got long.

（3）
解答例1  You may [can] leave the room when [after / if] you hand in [submit] your answer sheet.
解答例2  You may [can] leave the room after handing in [submitting] your answer sheet.

（4）
解答例1  This species of butterfly [butterflies] cannot [can’t] live [be found] in the Kanto area.
解答例2  Butterflies of this kind cannot live [be found] in the Kanto area.

（5）
解答例  Some foreign tourists think [believe] (that) most Japanese (people) should [ought to] understand English to some extent.

４
（1）
解答例  At last, my uncle was able to pass the judicial [bar] examination last year.

（2）
解答例  The consumption tax hike must affect [influence] family budgets seriously.

（3）
解答例  Our generation should [ought to] also have more interest [be more interested / get more interested / become more interested] in the future of Japan.

（4）
解答例1  The failure of the computer system of one country may affect every place in the
world.
解答例2  If the computer system of one country fails, it may affect every place in the world.
解答例3  If the computer system fails in one country, it may affect every place in the world.

（5）
解答例1  I have to [must] finish (writing) my [the] paper [report] for [×of] Mr. Milton’s
chemistry class by (next) Monday morning.
解答例2  I have to [must] finish (writing) Mr. Milton’s chemistry class paper [report] by (next) Monday morning.
解答例3  I have to [must] get my [the] paper [report] for [×of] Mr. Milton’s chemistry class done by (next) Monday morning.